Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of conventional and alternative surface treatments on wettability and the bond strength between polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and veneering resin. PEEK samples were randomly divided into five groups: sandblasting, tribochemical silica coating, etching with 98% sulfuric acid for 5 s, etching with 98% sulfuric acid for 30 s, and tribochemical silica coating plus heated silane. One of them was subjected to analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and ten were analyzed by goniometry (n = 5) and scanning electron microscopy (n = 5). Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested, and failure types were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey and Duncan tests (all, α = 5%). Treatment with sandblasting and silica coating had the lowest SBS means (4.2 MPa and 4.4 MPa respectively), while sulfuric acid for 5 s showed the highest mean value (12.6 MPa), followed by sulfuric acid for 30 s and tribochemical + heated silane. All failures were classified as adhesive. The lowest mean contact angle was found for the polished (control) and etched group with 98% sulfuric acid for 30 s (83.9°). Etching with 98% sulfuric acid for 5 s increased the SBS between resin and PEEK.
Highlights
Adhesion to high performance polymers (HPP) for industrial applications does not represent a barrier for their use because manufacturers of industrial adhesives have successfully developed adhesive systems to bond them appropriately [1]
99 of the longer the exposure time to sulfuric acid, which could be observed on the Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) surface after sulfuric etching with two different exposure times (Figures 7 and 8)
The dental PEEK manufacturer used in the present study offers eight options of veneering resins, but only two surface treatments, with silica coating with RocatecTM Pre+Plus being the treatment of choice for association with the SinfonyTM System
Summary
Adhesion to high performance polymers (HPP) for industrial applications (automotive, aerospace, sterilizable surgical instrument sectors) does not represent a barrier for their use because manufacturers of industrial adhesives have successfully developed adhesive systems to bond them appropriately [1]. There have been some attempts to develop biocompatible adhesives and surface treatments including the sulphonation process to improve the cell adhesion and osteoinductive capacity of PAEKs [3,4,5] These semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers have attracted researchers and clinicians to investigate their application in dentistry due to their versatility in terms of the prosthesis manufacturing process (thermopressing, subtractive and additive manufacturing), excellent mechanical performance, required accuracy, and the necessary biological properties [6,7]. The possibility of substituting hydrofluoric acid etching by post-silanization heat treatment has been evaluated in studies of dental ceramics This technique consists of accelerating the solvent by heating the surface immediately after the silane application at a temperature of 79 ◦ C or 100 ◦ C just for 1 min, depending on whether the solvent is alcohol or water, respectively [37,38]. The two null hypotheses were: there is no differences in shear bond related to the conventional or alternative surface treatments; the wettability of PEEK is not influenced by surface treatments
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