Abstract
3,5-Dimethylphenol-formaldehyde resin was carbonized up to 1000°C with various kinds of alkali and alkali earth compounds added. The hydroxides of Li, Na, K, Sr and Ba reacted with the resin to produce large amounts of hydrogen and CO. The order of reactivity was, Li < K < Na and Ca, Mg ⪡ Sr < Ba. Carbonates evolve only a small amount of hydrogen, although evolution of CO was very large. Carbonates cannot react with reactive methylene groups or aromatic hydrogens, whereas hydroxides easily substitute these hydrogens with MO-, liberating hydrogen atoms. The reduction of carbonate with carbon takes place in a similar way as that with hydroxides. The lower the melting point of the alkali or alkali earth compounds is, the lower the temperature of evolution of hydrogen is. This may be due to the good wettability of lower melting alkali or alkali earth compounds.
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