Influence of agro-technical reception on agro-physical state of soil and efficiency of cultivation of sugared sorghum in conditions of light-chestnut soil of Volgograd region

Abstract

The key problem of modern farming is the search for an alternative to traditional arable farming, which leads to a permanent decline in soil fertility, primarily to a decrease in organic matter and significant loss of moisture. The study was aimed at studying the effect of waste and zero tillage on the agro-physical indicators of the soil, yield, sugar accumulation dynamics and the economic efficiency of cultivation of a sugar sorghum hybrid Slavic homestead. The experience was conducted in Commercial Farmers Association “Kuznetsovskaya”, Ilovlinsky District of the Volgograd Region, on zonal subtypes of light chestnut soils in the period from 2009 to 2015. Research methods were used according to generally accepted methods and recommendations. When considering the effect of treatments on soil density, there was an increase in soil compaction due to zero tillage. When determining the state of aggregation of soil by zero tillage, the number of valuable aggregates was 69.43 % versus 65.43 % for land tillage. The coefficient of structure was zero tillage. The yield of sugar sorghum amounted to 54.7 t/ha, which showed an increase of 7 % relative to dump soil treatment. The zero tillage profitability ratio was 104 %. The transition to zero processing will provide increased productivity, reduce the need for labor and technology, reduce the time for field work, make it more optimal, increase the income of agricultural enterprises, increase the wages of workers and improve their social conditions, which is an important economic and social advantage of resource-saving technology.