Influence of agmatine on the protective action of numerous antiepileptic drugs against pentetrazole-induced seizures in miceA

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of agmatine (an endogenous neuromodulator/neurotransmitter in the brain) on the protective action of numerous classical and second-generation antiepileptic drugs (clonazepam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, phenobarbital, tiagabine, vigabatrin, and valproate) in the mouse pentetrazole-induced clonic seizure model.The results indicate that agmatine (up to 100mg/kg, ip, 45min before the test) did not alter the threshold for pentetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice. However, agmatine (100mg/kg, ip) significantly attenuated the anticonvulsant effects of vigabatrin against pentetrazole-induced clonic seizures by elevating the ED50 value of vigabatrin from 517.5 to 790.3mg/kg (p<0.01). In contrast, agmatine at a dose of 50mg/kg did not significantly affect the anticonvulsant action of vigabatrin, although a reduction in the ED50 value of the antiepileptic drug from 517.5 to 629.1mg/kg was documented. Moreover, agmatine at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg (ip) had no significant impact on the anticonvulsant action of clonazepam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, phenobarbital, tiagabine, or valproate in pentetrazole-induced seizures in mice.In conclusion, the combination of agmatine with vigabatrin seems to be unfavorable due to the reduction of the anticonvulsant effect of vigabatrin after concomitant administration of agmatine in the pentetrazole-induced seizure model. Therefore, the utmost caution is advised when combining agmatine with vigabatrin in further clinical settings.