Influence of Aging and Caloric Restriction on Activation of Ras/MAPK, Calcineurin, and CaMK‐IV Activities in Rat T Cells

Abstract

Abstract. The signaling cascade mediated by Ras (p21ras) and MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) and calcium/calmodulin regulating enzymes, calcineurin (CaN) and CaMK‐IV, are considered to be essential for T‐cell growth and function. In the present study, the effect of aging and caloric restriction (CR) on the induction of Ras and MAPK activation by concanavalin A (ConA) was studied. Splenic T cells were isolated from young (4–6 months) and old (22–24 months) rats that had free access to food (control group), and from caloric restricted old (22–24 months) rats that beginning at 6 weeks of age were fed 60%(40% caloric restriction) of the diet consumed by the control rats. We found that the induction of Ras activity in T cells isolated from control old rats was lower (P < 0.001) than that in control young rats. However, the levels of Ras activity in T cells isolated from CR old rats were similar to the levels in the age‐matched control rats. The induction of MAPK activity in T cells isolated from control old rats and CR old rats was significantly less than in T cells isolated from control young rats, and caloric restriction significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the age‐related decline in MAPK activation. We also measured the induction of CaN and CaMK‐IV activities by ConA in T cells from control young and old and CR old rats. The induction of both CaN and CaMK‐IV activity decreased with age. Caloric restriction significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the age‐related decline in CaN activity, but had no significant effect on CaMK‐IV activity. The changes in Ras/MAPK activation and in CaN and CaMK‐IV activity with age or with CR were not associated with alterations in their corresponding protein levels. Thus, caloric restriction has a differential effect on the activation of the upstream signaling molecules that are altered with age.