Abstract
Expanded shale lightweight aggregates, as the coarse aggregates, were used to produce lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) in this research. At the fixed water-cement ratio, paste quantity, and aggregate volume, the effects of various aggregate gradations on the engineering properties of LWAC were investigated. Comparisons to normal-weight concrete (NWC) made under the same conditions were carried out. From the experimental results, using normal weight aggregates that follow the specification requirements (standard gradation) obtained similar NWC compressive strength to that using uniform-sized aggregates. However, the compressive strength of LWAC made using small uniform-sized aggregates was superior to that made from standard-grade aggregates. This is especially conspicuous under the low water-cement ratio. Even though the workability was affected, this problem could be overcome with developed chemical additive technology. The durability properties of concrete were approximately equal. Therefore, it is suggested that the aggregate gradation requirement of LWAC should be distinct from that of NWC. In high strength LWAC proportioning, following the standard gradation suggested by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is optional.
Highlights
Normal-weight concrete (NWC) aggregate gradation should fit in with the standard code requirements
Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) mix-proportion design criteria is established in many standard specifications, such as ACI 318 of US, DIN of Germany, JIS of Japan, CNS 12891 of Taiwan, etc
lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), which uses the expanded shale lightweight aggregates, is about 20% lower than normal-weight concrete (NWC) on the expanded shale lightweight aggregates, is about 20% lower than NWC on average
Summary
Normal-weight concrete (NWC) aggregate gradation should fit in with the standard code requirements. A number of experimental research projects have been conducted to study the properties of LWA, as well as the associated engineering properties of LWAC. Analytical methods of data-driven models have been of increasing interest in evaluating the concrete compressive strength such as artificial intelligence based techniques like artificial neural network [9,10] and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) [11,12]. These studies do not distinctly study the effect of LWA aggregate gradation. The engineering properties were determined to investigate the effects of various aggregate grades on concrete properties
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