Abstract
The influences of age and gender differences on the pulse waveform in the optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy adults, using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) were evaluated. We studied 908 healthy subjects (men = 701, age: 50.0 ± 9.1, women = 208, age: 49.8 ± 9.5, p = 0.76), evaluating these pulse waveform parameters: the blowout score (BOS), blowout time (BOT), acceleration time index (ATI), and the rising and falling rates. The parameters were analyzed separately for the tissue, vessels, and throughout the optic nerve head (All). All parameters were compared between genders. We investigated which independent factors for the pulse waveform in the ONH is most strongly correlated with age. All sections of the BOS, BOT, ATI, and falling rate showed a significant gender difference. A univariate regression analysis revealed that BOT-Tissue showed the strongest correlation with age (r = −0.51). The factors contributing independently to the BOT-Tissue were gender, age, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, spherical refraction, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Among the subjects aged >41 years, the chronological changes of BOT-Tissue in the women were significantly lower than those in the men. We concluded that the pulse waveform in the ONH has clear differences between the genders and shows chronological changes.
Highlights
The influences of age and gender differences on the pulse waveform in the optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy adults, using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) were evaluated
Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), a noninvasive quantitative method of evaluation the ocular microcirculation[6,7], is based on the changes in the speckle pattern of laser light reflected from the optic nerve head (ONH), retina and choroid[8]
We noticed on the relationship between the pulse waveform and various large vessel status, and we found that the pulse waveform obtained by LSFG was significantly correlated with age, the ba-PWV11,12, the cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI)[12,13], the carotid intima media thickness and carotid artery plaque formation[14], left ventricular endo-diastolic pressure, left ventricular mass[15], left ventricular ejection fraction[15,16], and the systemic vascular resistance calculated with the use of a Swan-Ganz catheter[17]
Summary
The influences of age and gender differences on the pulse waveform in the optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy adults, using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) were evaluated. An investigation of a large number of subjects reported that the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), which reflects arterial stiffness, was lower in women than in men until the age of 60 years[5]. Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), a noninvasive quantitative method of evaluation the ocular microcirculation[6,7], is based on the changes in the speckle pattern of laser light reflected from the optic nerve head (ONH), retina and choroid[8]. We conducted the present study to evaluate the influences of age and gender differences on the pulse waveform in the ONH by using LSFG in >1,000 healthy subjects
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