Influence of accretion disk on the optical appearance of the Kazakov-Solodukhin black hole

Abstract

The optical characteristics of the Kazakov-Solodukhin black hole (BH) surrounded by a thin disk is investigated. By utilizing the ray-tracing method, we derive the direct and secondary images to illustrate the influence of observational inclination angle (${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{0}$) and quantum correction parameter ($a$) on the observable properties. Our calculation involves determining the effective potential, light deflection, and azimuthal angle of the BH as well as the radiation flux of the accretion disk. By assuming three function models, we determine that the exponential function is the most suitable for describing the relationship between the observed flux and the quantum deformation parameter. Our research reveals that the observable characteristics of a BH are affected not only by the shape of the accretion disk but also by its spatiotemporal properties and the observer's inclination angle. We observe that a BH encircled by an optically thick accretion disk yields different results from those of an optically thin disk.