Influence of a Pre-blended Antibiotic (Gentamicin Sulfate Powder) on Various Mechanical, Thermal, and Physical Properties of Three Acrylic Bone Cements

Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine an array of mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of three pairs of commercially available acrylic bone cement brands, with the brands in each pair having the same compositions except that one contains 4.22 wt/wt% gentamicin sulfate blended with the powder by the manufacturer and the other one does not. The difference between the pairs was in the viscosity of the curing cement dough, with one pair of 'low-viscosity', one pair of 'medium-viscosity', and one pair of 'high-viscosity' brands being used. Thus, the brands studied cover the range of those used in anchoring some total joint replacements (TJRs). The properties determined were the strength, modulus, and work-to-fracture (all under four-point bending), plane-strain fracture toughness, Weibull mean fatigue life (fatigue conditions: 15 MPa; 2 Hz), activation energy and frequency factor for the cement polymerization process (both determined, using differential scanning calorimetry, at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min (1)), and the diffusion coefficient for the absorption of phosphate-buffered saline at 37 C by the cured cement. For each property determined, there was no significant difference in the mean values for the brands in each of the pairs. These results indicate that over the range of cement brands that are widely used in the anchoring of cemented TJRs, the addition of gentamicin sulfate powder does not degrade the properties of the cement, and, hence, may not adversely affect the in vivo longevity of the replacement.