Abstract
Introduction: Prehospital time interval was one of important indicators of EMS performance. It consisting of total prehospital time (TPT), response time (RT), on-scene time (OST) and transport time (TT) in the world is very diverse. Many factors were able to affect the duration of prehospital time. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify internal and external EMS factors that affect prehospital time which was useful as a predictor of the prehospital time interval variety.Methods: This study was conducted with a systematic method by reviewing the literature obtained from four electronic databases namely ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Schoolar. Seven keywords were used to get some of relevance literatures. Using PRISMA flow diagram, the literatures were screened by three inclusion criteria: original research article, published in the 2007-2018 timeframe, discusses EMS prehospital time interval and the factors that influence it.Results: Seventy-five literature were obtained, of which 14 articles met the requirements for analysis. Factors influencing prehospital time variations can be classified as two. First, internal factors which include: facilities and infrastructure, human resources, and service protocols. Second, external factors which include: natural and non-natural environment, and the patient's clinical condition.Conclusion: Investigation at prehospital time intervals and influential factors is useful in developing evidence-informed in assessing EMS performance and correcting the obstacles found. This review also identifies the gaps in the existing literature to inform future research efforts.
Highlights
Prehospital time interval was one of important indicators of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) performance
Investigation at prehospital time intervals and influential factors is useful in developing evidence-informed in assessing EMS performance and correcting the obstacles found
This review identifies the gaps in the existing literature to inform future research efforts
Summary
Prehospital time interval was one of important indicators of EMS performance. It consisting of total prehospital time (TPT), response time (RT), on-scene time (OST) and transport time (TT) in the world is very diverse. Prehospital emergency services are fast becoming the needs of all countries in the world. The speed of prehospital time (PT) and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are important to be assessed and discussed (Brown et al, 2016; Golden & Odoi, 2015). The achievement of PT or EMS total prehospital time (TPT), which includes response time (RT), on-scene time (OST), and transport time (TT), varies greatly in each country, so different studies on the various. Achieving prehospital time can be an important indicator in evaluating EMS performance (Rahman et al, 2015). Researchers are starting to see on-scene time as an important indicator of EMS performance (Puolakkaet al., 2016a; Vincent-Lambert & Mottershaw, 2018)
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