Abstract
PurposeInflammation could play a key role in tissue damage and bone metabolism. The modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) is a validated tool to estimate the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we evaluate the associations between the M-DIS and bone mineral density (BMD) in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.MethodsBaseline cross-sectional association between the M-DIS and bone mineral density was assessed in 1134 participants of the multicenter PREDIMED-Plus trial (aged 55–75 with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome). BMD was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans and participants answered a food frequency questionnaire to determine the M-DIS. BMD was categorized as low BMD when T score was equal or lower than -1 and normal BMD in another case. Associations between BMD and M-DIS were evaluated by using linear and logistic regressions adjusted by other co-variates.ResultsParticipants in the top tertile of the M-DIS had a lower BMD at total femur [β (95% CI) − 0.02 (− 0.04, − 0.01)], trochanter areas [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.01)] and lumbar spine area [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.01)] (but in the last case, measures were less precise and hence not statistically significant) compared to those in the lower M-DIS tertile. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of the total femur and femoral trochanter osteopenia/osteoporosis were higher in participants in the top tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile of M-DIS [OR (95% CI) 1.71 (1.12, 2.64), P for trend 0.015; 2.02 (1.29, 3.21), P for trend 0.002, respectively].ConclusionA high pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the M-DIS, is associated with lower BMD in a senior Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is an age-related chronic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and trabecular alterations that decline bone strength and increases the risk of fractures
We evaluated the associations between the modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) score and bone mineral density in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome
This is a cross-sectional analysis conducted in a subset of 1134 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study, a multicenter, randomized, and parallel-group clinical trial including 6874 women and men, aged 55–75 with overweight/obesity [body mass index (BMI) between 27 and 40 kg/m2] and metabolic syndrome defined by the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association, and the National Heart Association [25]
Summary
Osteoporosis is an age-related chronic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and trabecular alterations that decline bone strength and increases the risk of fractures These changes are influenced by non-modifiable factors like. Several epidemiological studies have associated systemic inflammation with an increased risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases, especially obesity, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases, and with osteoporosis, frailty, and sarcopenia [5,6,7,8]. In this regard, it has been suggested that inflammation could. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin 6 (IL-6), may exert an inhibitory effect on osteoprotegerin (OPG) increasing Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κ B Ligand (RANKL) concentrations, and increasing the osteoclastic activity, bone resorption and the risk of osteoporosis incidence [10, 11]
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