Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Anatomical and Histopathological Study

Abstract

Worldwide, the frequency of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) increased rapidly through the last century making their histopathological diagnosis daily task for all pathologists. The accurate histopathological diagnosis of UC and CD requires an intimate correlations between the clinical, laboratory and endoscopic findings in conjunction to the suitable obtained biopsy material, as there are several diagnostic confusions between CIBD and non CIBD forms. The aim of this study was to focus and analyze certain practically selected histopathological features for the diagnosis of UC and CD including crypt architectural abnormalities, inflammation and an associated dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. This present study was performed on 100 specimens of tissue samples taken from small and large bowel including 3 ileocecal resections which were done for suspected an IBD. All the tissue samples received fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin fixative solution, and paraffin-embedded tissue sections were prepared and examined microscopically for the histopathological features which distinguishing CIBD from non CIBD colitis. This study revealed 95 cases CIBD, among them 55 cases CD and 40 cases were UC, whereas the remaining 5 cases were non CIBD colitis. This study concluded that the diagnosis of IBD needs interdepartmental correlations to avoid under- or over-diagnosis. As well as the accurate discrimination of CIBD from non CIBD forms, differentiate UC from CD, and to identify any dysplastic lesions which is the backbone for therapeutic and prognostic strategies.