Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality necessitating its early detection. The emergence of newer subclinical biomarkers in addition to the known cardiometabolic risk factors may play an important role in early detection of CVD risk. In the present study, 74 adult females (30 - 75 y) with metabolic syndrome (MS) were selected and additional biochemical parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Homocysteine (Hcy) levels were analyzed. The average body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of subjects were found to be 30 kg/m2 and99 cmrespectively. Mean LDL levels were found to be much higher than normal (139 mg/dl) while the HDL levels were low (41.5 mg/dl). The average fasting blood sugar and insulin levels were within the normal range. However, 40.5% females had serum Hcy levels >13.2 μmol/l and 59.5% women had CRP levels >3 mg/L indicating increased risk of CVD. Higher Hcy levels were associated with hyperinsulinemia (p < 0.01) and hyperglycemia (p < 0.05), indicating predilection for glucose intolerance. CRP levels showed significant negative correlation with HDL (p < 0.05), indicating a predilection for glucose intolerance. The present study reports overall more than 40% MS women are classified as high risk group using the Western standards. Limited data on normal levels of inflammatory biomarkers are available for Asian Indians. The study results indicate the importance of Hcy and CRP values among females having metabolic syndrome, known to be at a high risk of CVD.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure [1]
The study results indicate the importance of Hcy and C-reactive protein (CRP) values among females having metabolic syndrome, known to be at a high risk of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
While Asian Indians have greater genetic predisposition and susceptibility to metabolic diseases, there is a strong need to detect it in early stages to take appropriate preventive measures
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure [1]. The importance and utility of newer predictors have been emphasized as an additional means of early detection of CVD risk [9]. These novel markers may be useful in pre-. The 20th century has seen the emergence of substantial evidence to prove homocysteine (primarily atherogenic marker), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (primarily thrombosis marker) [1,11] as the newer risk factors for CVD amongst Asian Indians. The present study has assessed the Homocysteine and CRP level among Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome at risk for CVD and compared the value with the normal data
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