Inflammation Markers Correlate With Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients Perinatally Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Abstract

Objectives To investigate common carotid intima-media thickness in a cohort of patients who were vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. Human immunodeficiency virus 1–infected patients were compared with age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy participants. Common carotid intima-media thickness was measured in all participants on both sides of the neck, and the mean intima-media thickness was calculated. Metabolic parameters and markers of inflammation were measured only in HIV-1–infected patients. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple regression and by a matrix of Pearson correlation coefficients. The Student t test was used to compare mean common carotid intima-media thickness values between groups. Results Forty patients (21 female) with HIV-1 infection acquired from birth with a mean age ± SD of 16.3 ± 4.7 years and 27 healthy participants (11 female) with a mean age of 17.7 ± 4.6 years were included in the study. Mean common carotid intima-media thickness in the HIV-1–infected group (0.450 ± 0.088 mm) was significantly higher (P < .05) than in the control group (0.407 ± 0.079 mm). No significant association was found between intima-media thickness and a specific antiretroviral regimen, exposure to combined antiretroviral agents, and HIV status. In multiple regression analyses, higher levels of insulin (P= .007) and elevated levels of glycated hemoglobin (P= .01) were associated with intima-media thickness changes. Conclusions Patients perinatally infected with HIV have increased common carotid intima-media thickness compared with healthy individuals. These changes were more pronounced with increasing age and inflammation markers. Interventions that improve cardiovascular risk profiles should be considered in HIV-infected young adults.