Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and waning in muscle strength are common in older adults, and inflammation may play a key role in pathogenesis. This study aimed to examine associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older adults with chronic comorbidities. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006) were obtained for participants aged ≥60 years. Sarcopenia was defined by a lean mass and body height (males < 7.26 kg/m2, females < 5.45 kg/m2). Sarcopenic obesity was defined by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia and obesity (defined by relative fat mass). Logistic regression was used to assess the associations of CRP and SII with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. The dose–response relationship was examined via restricted cubic splines. Of the participants (n = 2483), 23.1% (n = 574) and 7.7% (n = 190) had sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression models suggested a positive association of SII with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, but a positive statistically significant association was not consistently observed for CRP. Dose–response curves suggested similar association patterns for these biomarkers. In clinical practice, measures to prevent sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are needed for older vulnerable people with high systemic inflammation.
Highlights
The aging process is associated with changes in body composition, including the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function [1,2]
Participants with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity were more likely to be older or White, and sarcopenia was more common in males than in females (Supplementary Table S1)
In the analysis for individual comorbidities, the odds ratios (ORs) of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were all positive, some of them were non-significant; all ORs of Creactive protein (CRP) were non-significant. In this cross-sectional study that aimed to examine the association of two inflammatory biomarkers with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, we found that sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were common in older adults with chronic diseases
Summary
The aging process is associated with changes in body composition, including the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function [1,2]. Several adverse health events are associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, including fractures, functional limitation [7], and increased mortality [8,9]. The prevalence of both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity increases with age and varies by comorbidities [10], and it has been reported that sarcopenia is highly prevalent (~30%) in individuals with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and respiratory disease [11]
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