Abstract
Inflammasome plays a pivotal role in innate antiviral immunity. Assembly and formation of inflammasome complex, a caspase-1 activating platform, lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β and induction of cell death known as pyroptosis. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge about inflammasome activation by paramyxoviruses. Paramyxoviruses activate inflammasome by various mechanisms. Paramyxoviruses also encode proteins that block inflammasome activation and thus these viral proteins act as an inflammasome antagonist. Inflammasome activation is required for innate immune response to combat virus infection. Host utilizes various mechanisms to activate inflammasome during virus infection. We will discuss these mechanisms in context to paramyxovirus infection. Interestingly, paramyxoviruses have evolved strategy to evade inflammasome mediated innate response. Paramyxoviruses encode accessory proteins like SH, C, and V proteins, which block inflammasome activation. We will discuss the inflammasome antagonist function of these accessory proteins of paramyxovirus in the review.
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