Abstract
In this paper, a novel single layer Multiple Input–Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for Fifth-Generation (5G) 28 GHz frequency band applications is proposed and investigated. The proposed MIMO antenna operates in the Ka-band, which is the most desirable frequency band for 5G mm-wave communication. The dielectric material is a Rogers-5880 with a relative permittivity, thickness and loss tangent of 2.2, 0.787 mm and 0.0009, respectively, in the proposed antenna design. The proposed MIMO configuration antenna element consists of triplet circular shaped rings surrounded by an infinity-shaped shell. The simulated gain achieved by the proposed design is 6.1 dBi, while the measured gain is 5.5 dBi. Furthermore, the measured and simulated antenna efficiency is 90% and 92%, respectively. One of the MIMO performance metrics—i.e., the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)—is also analyzed and found to be less than 0.16 for the entire operating bandwidth. The proposed MIMO design operates efficiently with a low ECC, better efficiency and a satisfactory gain, showing that the proposed design is a potential candidate for mm-wave communication.
Highlights
Fifth Generation (5G) communication has become the most discussed technology.The reason for the great attraction of 5G is the continuously progressing demand for higher data rates and bandwidth, which is not possible to fulfill with the current standards below the 5G technology [1,2]
The limited bandwidth availability in the microwave region and highly busy portion of the spectrum have forced a move towards a new spectrum range which can offer data rates in the range of multi-gigabits per second (Gbps) [3]. 5G is currently divided into sub-6 GHz and mm-wave regions to achieve the required data rates and bandwidth targets [4,5,6,7]
The proposed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna was designed in CST microwave studio 2017 and fabricated using an LPKF (Leiterplatten–Kopierfrasen) machine
Summary
Fifth Generation (5G) communication has become the most discussed technology. The reason for the great attraction of 5G is the continuously progressing demand for higher data rates and bandwidth, which is not possible to fulfill with the current standards below the 5G technology [1,2]. In Reference [27], a novel T slot four-element antenna system consisting of two element-feed networks is presented, with each resonating at two distinct bands: one below sub-6 GHz and the other in the mm-wave band from 24 GHz to 29 GHz with a peak gain of 5 dB at 28 GHz. the study reported stable radiation patterns and performance parameters, the ground plane assembly and larger dimensions of radiating elements prevent the structure from being used with higher numbers of elements. The reported multi-band antenna system with a tapered slot increases the overall complexity of the system In these studies, it is observed that mmwave resonating structures are complex and large in dimension. Electronics 2021, 10, 165 structure can be embedded in smart phones as it provides and satisfies pattern diversity and all essential MIMO characteristics
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