Abstract
Mode-locked fibre laser as a dissipative system is characterized by rich forms of soliton interaction, which take place via internal energy exchange through noisy background in the presence of dispersion and nonlinearity. The result of soliton interaction was either stationary-localized or chaotically-oscillated soliton complexes, which have been shown before as stand-alone in the cavity. Here we report on a new form of solitons complex observed in Bi-doped mode-locked fibre laser operated at 1450 nm. The solitons are arranged in two different group types contemporizing in the cavity: one pulse group propagates as bound solitons with fixed phase relation and interpulse position eventuated in 30 dB spectrum modulation depth; while the other pulses form a bunch with continuously and chaotically moving solitons. The article describes both experimental and theoretical considerations of this effect.
Highlights
Pulses do have advantages over single high-energy pulses in ablation-cooled material removal of biological tissues[19]
We continue this research and report on the multi-pulse dynamics of a Bi-doped soliton fibre laser mode-locked with frequency-shifted feedback (FSF) technique[23] at 1450 nm
Multi-soliton operation is an essential attribute of mode-locked fibre lasers operating in the net anomalous dispersion regime
Summary
Pulses do have advantages over single high-energy pulses in ablation-cooled material removal of biological tissues[19]. Bunched soliton fibre lasers naturally produce short bursts of pulses that can be amplified in a separate amplifier; it is conceivable that they could find practical uses in materials processing in the future. The studies have been made on the pulse interaction and bound state formation in so-called hybrid mode-locked lasers, in which active and passive mode-locking elements are utilized simultaneously[20,21,22]. These studies indicate that the parameters of the generated soliton groups can be controlled within certain limits by introducing active elements, such as modulators and filters, in the cavity. The most important feature of the laser is that in addition to pure bound solitons and soliton bunches that are known to the literature it can generate a combination of the two: an assembly where some of the solitons have fixed, constant separations and others are moving randomly
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