Abstract
The incidence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the Indian farmed frozen shrimp products viz., whole, headless (HL) and peeled and undeveined (PUD) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was studied. The viability of WSSV in farmed frozen shrimps was investigated by conducting bio-inoculation studies. The products were screened for WSSV by both the single step (for the primer sets 1s5 & 1a16 and IK1 & IK2) and nested PCR (for the primers IK1 & IK2 - IK3 & IK4). Single step PCR detected WSSV in 18% of samples, while the nested PCR detected WSSV in 73% of samples. The frozen material, which gave positive results for WSSV by PCR, was further confirmed for the viability of WSSV by the bio-inoculation studies. Mortality (100%) was observed within the 45 h of intra-muscular post injection (P.I) into the healthy wild live WSSV-free shrimps (Penaeus monodon). These results show that the WSSV survived the freezing process and the cold storage and could cause infection in native shrimp farms if such products are reprocessed in the importing countries.
Highlights
India earned about US $ 1908.63 million as foreign exchange during 2008-09 through the export of fish and fishery products
Fresh/frozen shrimp products for human consumption imported into Australia have been subjected to mandatory testing since October 2007 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for three major shrimp viruses viz., White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV) and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) at the level of 5% prevalence with 95% confidence
It is quite interesting to note that positive results for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the single step PCR could be obtained from the farmed frozen shrimp products with the primers 1s5 & 1a16
Summary
India earned about US $ 1908.63 million as foreign exchange during 2008-09 through the export of fish and fishery products. Viral disease diagnostics on imported fresh and frozen stocks have been hardly implemented and have only included stock samples produced in Latin America or Asia [3,10,11,6] It is listed as a non-exotic disease in EC directive 2006/88 [12,13] examined the populations of Australian crustaceans for evidence of White Spot. Fresh/frozen shrimp products for human consumption imported into Australia have been subjected to mandatory testing since October 2007 using PCR technology for three major shrimp viruses viz., White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV) and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) at the level of 5% prevalence with 95% confidence. As there are no reports on the prevalence of WSSV in Indian frozen shrimp products, the present study was undertaken to find out the incidence of WSSV in frozen shrimp products of India and testing for the viability of WSSV in frozen shrimps through bio-inoculation studies
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