Abstract
Acute diarrhea of infectious etiology, referred to gastroenteritis and is associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency disorders [10]. Diarrheal illness is a problem worldwide, with substantial regional variation in the prevalence of specific pathogens [8]. In fact, Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health problems. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 year period, 2017-2020, in Transylvania region from Romania. It was found 3577 number of cases, almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center. This all were mostly diagnosed by the territorial family doctors and more than 50% , have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders. For this disorders it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, to managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 year’s age died, because of severe complications. Organic failed was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluation defined the severity and type of this illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrhea, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, and there were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each, all data as quantified number of determined infectious diarrheas. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory strategies of infection control. Good hygiene, hand washing, safe food preparation, and access to clean water are key factors in preventing diarrheal illness
Highlights
Acute diarrhea is one of the most common diagnoses in general practice, and it remains responsible for high morbidity rates around the world [9]
Relatively few patients die from diarrhea, but even so, the disease continues to be an important cause of morbidity associated with substantial health care costs [7]
It is recognized that acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood mortality in developing countries; adult mortality from diarrhea is not uncommon, among the elderly, in whom the case–fatality ratio is even higher than in children [12]
Summary
Acute diarrhea is one of the most common diagnoses in general practice, and it remains responsible for high morbidity rates around the world [9]. 1.9 million Children younger than 5 years of age, mostly in developing countries, perish from diarrhea each year. Relatively few patients die from diarrhea, but even so, the disease continues to be an important cause of morbidity associated with substantial health care costs [7]. It is recognized that acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood mortality in developing countries; adult mortality from diarrhea is not uncommon, among the elderly, in whom the case–fatality ratio is even higher than in children [12]. The morbidity from diarrheal diseases has remained relatively constant during the past 2 decades [4]. Regulatory medical authorities provide guidelines for the management of adult diarrhea, but how well physicians adhere to these guidelines has not been adequately assessed [6]
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