Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen recognized as the major agent of nosocomial diarrhoea in adults. This bacterium is responsible for 15 to 25 % of post-antibiotic diarrhoea and more than 95 % of pseudomembranous colitis. The main risk factors include age (≥ 65 years), antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid, clindamycin or fluoroquinolones) and hospitalization. The diagnosis of C. difficile infections (CDI) is based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests confirming the presence of a toxigenic strain or toxins in stools. Given the recent increase in the incidence and severity of CDI, an accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment and prevention.
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