Abstract
Here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, we present new data regarding T. cruzi infection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete typing unit (DTU) level of 77 of these isolates. DTU TcII was found to exclusively infect primates, while TcI infected Didelphis aurita and lion tamarins. The majority of T. cruzi isolates derived from L. rosalia were shown to be TcII (33 out 42) Nine T. cruzi isolates displayed a TcI profile. Golden-headed lion tamarins demonstrated to be excellent reservoirs of TcII, as 24 of 26 T. cruzi isolates exhibited the TcII profile. We concluded the following: (i) the transmission cycle of T. cruzi in a same host species and forest fragment is modified over time, (ii) the infectivity competence of the golden lion tamarin population fluctuates in waves that peak every other year and (iii) both golden and golden-headed lion tamarins are able to maintain long-lasting infections by TcII and TcI.
Highlights
We present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia and Leontopithecus chrysomelas from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest
Each reaction included a negative control and positive control samples from those T. cruzi strains representing the discrete typing unit (DTU) to be typed: 1f8 TcI/II, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) - TcI/III/IV and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) - TcI/III. This long lasting study of T. cruzi infection in freeranging tamarins in the Atlantic Rainforest showed that: (i) the enzootical picture of the transmission cycle of T. cruzi in a given forest fragment may modify over time, (ii) the distinct enzootical scenarios with the same T. cruzi DTUTcII were observed in single but proximate forest fragments of the Atlantic Rainforest and (iii) the high parasitaemia by T. cruzi as expressed by positive HCs occurred in waves of approximately two years (PDA)
T. cruzi infection pattern in rodents and marsupial examined in golden lion tamarin living areas (RA) The diversity of rodent and marsupial species was low since only five species, Akodon sp., Didelphis aurita, Nectomys squamipes, Oryzomys sp. and Trynomys sp. were captured in the reintroduction areas (RA) (Santa Helena Farm) (Table I)
Summary
We present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (goldenheaded lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. TcII and TcI in free-ranging tamarins Cristiane Varella Lisboa et al 395 state of Rio de Janeiro, is maintained In this forest fragment, there is a stable transmission cycle of T. cruzi that was originally characterised as Z2 in terms of zymodeme (Lisboa et al 2000) and as TcII based on a mini-exon gene (Lisboa et al 2004). A similar scenario was observed in a distinct fragment of the Atlantic Forest located in the Northeast Region of Brazil [Una Biological Reserve (UNA), municipality of Una, state of Bahia], where another endemic tamarin species, Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin), demonstrated a high T. cruzi infection rate with high parasitaemias as shown by the high rates of flagellate isolation in HCs (Monteiro et al 2010)
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