Abstract
BackgroundReversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare and heterogeneous clinico-neuroradiological syndrome characterized by headache, altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances. Hypertension and immunosuppression are two of the main factors that predispose an individual to RPLS. However, RPLS can develop when no major risk factors are present. RPLS has been reported in pediatric nephrotic patients, but rarely in adults.Case presentationA 42-year-old Asian woman with nephrotic syndrome presented with seizures, headaches, and nausea. Her blood pressure was controlled, and no immunosuppressants had been prescribed. All symptoms and tests indicated RPLS following infection with pneumonia, which was successfully treated by immediate administration antibiotic and anti-epileptic medications. Seizures did not recur during a 2-year follow-up period.ConclusionsWhen patients with nephrotic syndrome have an infection, RPLS symptoms should be investigated thoroughly. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of RPLS, morbidity and mortality can be prevented.
Highlights
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare and heterogeneous cliniconeuroradiological syndrome characterized by headache, altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare and heterogeneous clinico-neuroradiological syndrome characterized by the rapid onset of headaches, altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances associated with reversible white matter changes
Hypertension and immunosuppression are two of the main factors that predispose an individual to RPLS
Summary
When patients with nephrotic syndrome have an infection, RPLS symptoms should be investigated thoroughly.
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