Infection level of monogenean gill parasite, Diplozoon kashmirensis (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) in the Crucian Carp, Carassius carassius from lake ecosystems of an altered water quality: What factors do have an impact on the Diplozoon infection?

Abstract

Monogeneans are of great interest to the ecologists because of their simple life cycle and are considered as one of the important and sensitive parasites to any changes in water quality. The monogenean gill parasite, Diplozoon kashmirensis of the Carassius carassius was examined with the aim to evaluate the infection level and the factors influencing the infection. Our results showed that highest prevalence (34.22%) of D. kashmirensis was in the lake having high trophic status and least prevalence (10.90%) in the lake having least trophic status. Infection levels were significantly higher at the basins/sites having deteriorated water quality in comparison to the basins/sites having better water quality. The combined effect of pollutants and eutrophication showed decrease in intensity of D. kashmirensis in one of the polluted/hypertrophied site in the hypertrophic lake (Anchar Lake), while as synergistic effect (i.e. increase) on prevalence and intensity was observed in one of the polluted/hypertrophied site in the eutrophic lake (Dal Lake). Sex was not an important factor influencing the D. kashmirensis in three lakes. The study showed that condition factor was significantly higher in the hypertrophic lake and in an uninfected fish. In addition microhabitat influenced the Diplozoon infection. Most preferable site for the D. kashmirensis was middle sector of the gill. Furthermore, the gill parasite showed significantly positive correlation (rp=0.6, P<0.05) with water temperature in the hypertrophic lake, thus showing the impact of water temperature on this parasite. It was concluded that intra lake differences, season, condition factor, microhabitat and water temperature influenced the infection of D. kashmirensis. It seems from the data that eutrophic and hypertrophic habitats were favourable for the D. kashmirensis. The D. kashmirensis showed both antagonistic and synergistic response to the combined effect of pollution and eutrophication.