Infection and Incidence of Herpes Viruses in Neonates in Aktobe Region of Kazakhstan

Galina Dautovna Zhumagaliyeva,Marzya Abdramanovna Mamyrbayeva

doi:10.4172/0974-8369.1000333

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and morbidity of herpes viruses in neonates in Aktobe region of Kazakhstan. Were analyzed The aggregate data of neonatal mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2010-2014 were analyzed, a retrospective analysis of medical records of 1,544 patients was conducted, 938 sera of blood of unhealthy newborns were surveyed for markers of intrauterine infection. Aktobe is a region with average neonatal mortality rates (1.33‰) due to late mortality (0.59‰) despite the low rate of early neonatal mortality (0.74‰). The infant mortality rate from congenital anomalies among children under one year in Aktobe region and in Aktobe city decreased in 2011 compared to 2010 (9.9 and 9.5 per 10,000 of live births, respectively) and increased again in 2012 (by 1.1 and 4.5, respectively). The proportion of mortality from cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in the general mortality rate amounted in 2010 to 50%; in 2011, 60%; and in 2012, 66.7%. The frequency of neonatal jaundice among newborns in Aktobe amounted to 4.9-7.5%. Intrauterine infectious viral hepatitis among newborns occurs at a frequency of 1.15 and 2.2%. The incidence rate of hepatitis per 1,000 babies is not equal—13.5, 21.9, 11.5. A high prevalence of cytomeg- alovirus (CMV) antibodies (99.0%) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) (92.5%) was detected. Prevalent was the detection of IgG (91.7%) in patients with clinical manifestations of CMVI. According to the infectious morbidity, the frequency of incidence of CMVI is 4.61, and the frequency of “infection” is 52.5 in general in 57.2 per 1,000 children in the first year of life. Similarly, the frequency of incidence of herpes infection is 0.35, and the frequency of “infection” is 20.97 in general in 21.3 per 1,000 children in the first year of life. The so-called infected with CMV children—234 (51%)—and infected with HSV—63 (34%)—had the obvious clinical manifestations, so they should be attributed to the illness.

Highlights

In the early twenty-first century, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) experts predicted that it will be a century of opportunistic infections because of the increasing influence of adverse environmental factors on the human body, primarily on the immune system [1]
Aktobe region is a region with average neonatal mortality rates (1.33‰) due to the late neonatal mortality index (0.59‰), despite of the low rate of early neonatal mortality (0.74‰)
The results show the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of herpesvirus infections (CMV and herpes simplex virus (HSV)) and the lack of a correlation of different markers with the developed clinical picture

Summary

Introduction

In the early twenty-first century, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) experts predicted that it will be a century of opportunistic infections because of the increasing influence of adverse environmental factors on the human body, primarily on the immune system [1]. Among the many agents that have a direct impact on the immune system, those of a special note are the viruses of the herpes family, which are widespread in the human population. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies are found in 70-100% of the population; the cytomegalovirus (CMV) neutralizing antibodies, in 70-80% of adults’ blood. The detection rate of anti-CMV antibodies increases with age. Specific antibodies are detected in 30-70% of children less than two years; and in 50-80% of persons, at the age of 15-19 [2]. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is found in about 90-92% of the world’s population; 60% of cases of infectious mononucleosis are 2-20 years old. The primary EBV contamination occurs at an early age—less than three years [3]

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