Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii that can be transmitted through blood transfusions. Objectives: To determine the frequency and associated factors of T. gondii infection in blood donors from Hospital II-2 Tarapoto, Peru, July to December 2019. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of 92 donors. Infection was determined by detecting serum IgM and IgG anti T. gondii antibodies by the Elisa technique. Sociodemographic, environmental and habit factors were collected by applying an interview to each volunteer participant. Results: The donor sample was characterized by a median age of 30 years, male gender (76.1%), urban home area (81.5%) and student occupation (34.8%); likewise, 29.4% stated that they ingested non-potable water and 61.9% had contact with earth or sand. 77.2% (95% CI: 68.6 - 85.8) of donors had past infection. No cases of active infection were observed. Contact with cats and domestic animals was associated with infection by T. gondii (p = 0.037; PR = 1.28 and 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.61). Conclusions: Blood donors from Hospital II-2 Tarapoto presented a high frequency of chronic infection by T. gondii. The possible transmission of the parasite through blood transfusion is suggested, for which reason it is recommended to assess the inclusion of toxoplasmosis as a screening test.
Highlights
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii that can be transmitted through blood transfusions
The donor sample was characterized by a median age of 30 years, male gender (76.1%), urban home area (81.5%) and student occupation (34.8%); likewise, 29.4% stated that they ingested non-potable water and 61.9% had contact with earth or sand. 77.2% of donors had past infection
Estos resultados evidencian la alta exposición de la población de estudio al parásito y por tanto de la existencia de múltiples factores de riesgo presentes, que permiten una o más formas de transmisión del parásito[3]
Summary
Introducción: La toxoplasmosis es una infección parasitaria de distribución mundial causada por Toxoplasma gondii transmisible mediante transfusiones sanguíneas. Ojetivos: Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados de la infección por T. gondii en donantes de sangre del Hospital II-2 Tarapoto, Perú, julio a diciembre del 2019. La infección se determinó mediante la detección anticuerpos séricos IgM e IgG anti T. gondii por la técnica de Elisa. El contacto con gatos y animales domésticos estuvo asociado con la infección por T. gondii (p=0,037; RP=1,28 e IC95 %=1,02 – 1,61). Conclusión: Donantes de sangre del Hospital II-2 Tarapoto presentaron alta frecuencia de infección crónica por T. gondii. Se sugiere la posible transmisión del parásito mediante transfusión sanguínea, por lo que recomienda valorar la inclusión de la toxoplasmosis como prueba de tamizaje. Palabras clave: Toxoplasma; Donantes de Sangre; Transfusión sanguínea; Factores predisponentes (fuente: DeCS BIREME)
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