Abstract

The access to antiretroviral treatment has contributed to a global decrease in the number of new HIV infections, although the HIV pandemia continues to be a global challenge. In Spain, HIV transmission is mainly attributed to sexual relations among men. A 46 % of the new diagnoses has made lately. HIV infects CD4+ T lymphocytes, inducing an important reduction of the number of these cells, favoring the opportunistic and neoplastic entities defining AIDS. Likewise, HIV infection induces a persistent immune activation and a chronic inflammatory state, both implicated in the decrease of CD4+ T cells number, premature aging, multiorganic damage and non-AIDS defining neoplasias. The antiretroviral therapy has a limited activity against these immune and inflammatory activation-related diseases.

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