Abstract
Background: Infantile haemangioma is the most common benign vascular tumor in children. They are more common in females and in infants born prematurely. Haemangiomas are mostly found on the head and neck regions (60 %), and are classified according to their depth. Most common complication is ulceration which affects nearly 15 - 25 % of patients. Diagnosis is mainly based on history and physical examination but a colour Doppler ultrasonography along with an MRI can be further performed.Conclusion: While most of the haemangiomas do not require any medical or surgical treatment, those who do, can be treated with laser therapy, surgical therapy or drug therapy with the latter mostly used to reduce morbidity, mortality and to treat complications.
Highlights
Infantile haemangioma is the most common benign vascular tumor in children
Half of haemangioma are present at birth; the remainder become evident within the first month of life[3]
Superficial hemangiomas are located in the papillary dermis, where as the deep-seated haemangiomas extend deep into the reticular dermis or subcutaneous tissue
Summary
Infantile haemangioma is the most common benign vascular tumour-affecting children and are composed of proliferating endothelial tumor cells, and usually manifest as cutaneous birthmarks[1]. They occur 4 times more frequently in females than males, and are especially common among premature births[2]. Ulceration results in scarring along with significant pain and functional impairment, e.g. difficulty moving an affected limb and periocular haemangioma causing astigmatism due to its mass effect on the cornea. Such functional impairment can further lead to amblyopia and a permanent vision loss.
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