Inexpensive Bismuth-Film Electrode Supported on Pencil-Lead Graphite for Determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) Ions by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry.

Karen C Bedin,Amanda Ronix,Osvaldo Pezoti,Edson Y Mitsuyasu,André L Cazetta,Vitor C Almeida

doi:10.1155/2018/1473706

Karen C Bedin, Amanda Ronix + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1473706

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Abstract

The present work reports the development and application of bismuth-film electrode (BiFE), obtained by in situ method on the pencil-lead graphite surface, for simultaneous Cd(II) and Pb(II) determination at trace levels, as alternative to replace the mercury-film electrodes. Experimental factors, deposition time (td), deposition potential (Ed), and Bi(III) concentration (CBi), were investigated by applying a 23 factorial design using 0.10 mol/L acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5) as supporting electrolyte. The analysis conditions of the differential pulse technique were td = 250 s, Ed = -1.40 V, and CBi = 250 mg L−1. The validation of the method employing BiFE was accomplished by determination of merit figures. The detection limits were of 11.0 μg L−1 for Cd(II) and 11.5 μg L−1 for Pb(II), confirming that proposed method is attractive and suitable for heavy metals determination. Additionally, the BiFE developed was successfully applied for the Cd(II) and Pb(II) determination in wastewater sample of battery industry.

Highlights

Trace elements, such as Cu, Mo, Mn, and Zn, are considered essential for human health, while others as Hg, Pb, and Cd may accumulate in body tissues causing problems due to their toxicity [1, 2]
The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are techniques which allows multielement analysis; the high cost of installation and maintenance has restricted their use in research and routine analysis [7,8,9,10]
The graphite working electrode (GE) electrochemical performance was investigated from cyclic voltammetry measurements of the potassium ferroferricyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6] / K3[Fe(CN)6]) redox process

Summary

Introduction

Trace elements, such as Cu, Mo, Mn, and Zn, are considered essential for human health, while others as Hg, Pb, and Cd may accumulate in body tissues causing problems due to their toxicity [1, 2]. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is the most applied technique for metals determination, since it provides satisfactory sensitivity, high selectivity, and relatively low cost equipment. This technique has the disadvantage of not allowing simultaneous determination of chemical elements [6]. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are techniques which allows multielement analysis; the high cost of installation and maintenance has restricted their use in research and routine analysis [7,8,9,10]

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