Inestabilidad lunopiramidal

Abstract

Radial-sided wrist instability has historically received greater attention than ulnar-sided instability despite being a relatively frequent pathology. As a result, there is often a delay in correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Lunotriquetral ligament injuries can be partial or complete, and the latter may be associated with injury of secondary stabilisers. When these stabilisers are injured a static carpal instability, known as Volar Intercalated Segmentary Instability (VISI), occurs. Among the most common clinical tests used to detect lunotriquetral instability are the ballottement test, described by Reagan, and the shear test, described by Kleinman, although both of them have a low sensitivity and specificity. Several techniques for the diagnosis of these injuries are used, such as X-rays (usually normal if there is no static instability of the carpus), arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging, although wrist arthroscopy is the reference standard for diagnosing these lesions. There is no consensus about which is the optimal treatment of lunotriquetral ligament tears, as the literature consists mostly of retrospective leveliv studies without standardised objective measurements using validated instruments. Furthermore, most of them describe the results of late treatment due these lesions not usually being diagnosed in an acute phase. Among the treatments described are arthroscopic treatment (debridement/thermal shrinkage/pinning the lunotriquetral joint), open repair of the lunotriquetral ligament, soft tissue reconstruction, and lunotriquetral arthrodesis.