Inequality of opportunities in the Republic of Bashkortostan: Measurement based on parametric approach

Abstract

This paper measures inequality of opportunity in the Republic of Bashkortostan and contribution of different circumstances to it, such as sex, age, nationality, type of settlement. Individual income and earnings were used as measures of achievement. The research is based on the data from surveys «Social and cultural portrait of region» (wave 2011), «Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – HSE» (wave 2011), «Survey of population income and participation in social programs» (waves 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018). According to the data obtained, inequality of opportunity is relatively more important for achieving average thresholds of achievement compared with low and high thresholds. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, the greatest contribution to inequality of opportunity is made by sex, on the second place — type of the settlement, on the third place — age, at last, the least important factor — a nationality. In the Russian Federation the largest contribution to inequality of opportunity is made by the type of settlement, second — by gender, third — by age, and fourth — by nationality. In general, the results obtained for the region differ significantly from the results for the Russian Federation.