Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the socioeconomic inequality related to lung cancer mortality rates and trends between 2000 and 2015 according to gender in Brazil. We retrieved the death records for cases of lung cancer (ICD-10 C33 C34) from 2000 to 2015 in adults age 30 years and older in Brazilian Regions from official databases (DATASUS) and corrected for ill-defined causes. The Prais-Winsten regression method and Pearson correlation were applied. The results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. The correlation between the lung cancer mortality rates and the HDI decreased when the rates for the first and last years of the historical series were compared in men (r = 0.77; r = 0.58) and women (r = 0.64; r = 0.41). However, the correlation between the trends in the lung cancer mortality rates and the HDI was negative in men (r = − 0.76) and women (r = − 0.58), indicating larger reductions (or smaller additions) among the Federative Units with the highest HDI, in contrast to trends reflecting a greater increase in those with the lowest HDI. Our results suggest a relevant inequality in the trends of mortality from lung cancer in Brazil.
Highlights
Smoking is acknowledged to be the main risk factor for lung cancer in the twentieth c entury[4,5], the occurrence of the disease is associated with air pollution, occupational exposures, socioeconomic status, genetic factors, radiation and d iet[6]
Little is known about the socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality rates among the Federative Units of Brazil or about the changes that have occurred over time
230,933 lung cancer deaths were reported in men, and 106,526 lung cancer deaths were reported in women, between 2000 and 2015 in Brazil
Summary
Smoking is acknowledged to be the main risk factor for lung cancer in the twentieth c entury[4,5], the occurrence of the disease is associated with air pollution, occupational exposures, socioeconomic status, genetic factors, radiation and d iet[6]. According to the Global Burden of Diseases, more developed regions, such as the United States and Europe, show higher lung cancer mortality rates[8]. Previous studies reported larger reductions (or smaller increases) in lung cancer mortality rates in regions with a highest human development index (HDI)[11,12], suggesting an unfavorable scenario. We did not find evidence of inequalities, as assessed by means of the relationship between human development in the various regions and trends in lung cancer mortality in the country. This study assessed the socioeconomic inequality related to the rates and trends in mortality from tracheal, bronchial and lung cancer between 2000 and 2015 according to gender in Brazil
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