Abstract
The recently endorsed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda unanimously agrees on the need to focus on inclusive development, the importance of eradicating extreme poverty and managing often complex human well-being impacts of rapid urban growth. Sustainable and inclusive urbanisation will accelerate progress towards the SDGs and contribute to eradicating extreme poverty. In tropical delta regions, such as the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna delta region, urban growth and resulting intra-urban inequalities are accelerated by the impact of environmental and climate change. In this context, the present study uses the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey to analyse the extent of wealth-based inequalities in human well-being in the urban delta region and the determinants of selected welfare measures. The results suggest that the extent of intra-urban inequalities is greatest in educational attainment and access to postnatal healthcare and relatively low in the occurrence of gastric disease. The paper concludes by providing policy recommendations to reduce increasing wealth inequalities in urban areas, thus contributing to sustainable development of the region.
Highlights
According to the latest UN figures, approximately 54% of the world’s population live in areas classified as urban [1]
Household size is positively associated with overall household consumption level, which might be explained by the fact that in larger households more household members are contributing income
In terms of regional differences, households residing in Chittagong are likely to have the highest levels of consumption expenditure, while residing in the costal divisions of Barisal and Khulna is associated with the lowest levels of household consumption
Summary
According to the latest UN figures, approximately 54% of the world’s population live in areas classified as urban [1]. According to an emerging literature on urban concentration and economic growth, different world regions experience various challenges often related to rapid rates of urban growth or urban lifestyle. Study conclusions often differ on the effects [2]. While populations in more developed regions are approximately 78% urban, in less developed regions, the equivalent proportion is 49%. In the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), 31% of the population live in urban areas, which is projected to increase to 50% by 2050 [1]. The negative impacts of rapid urban growth include high rates of pollution, translating into ill-health, overcrowding and housing deprivation [3,4]
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