Inequalities in European cities

Abstract

This chapter examines the evidence that European cities are becoming more unequal and more socially and spatially segregated and divided. It points to the growth of inequality, poverty, unemployment and social exclusion in European cities and to the increasing concentration of social problems in poor neighbourhoods within cities throughout Europe. The chapter looks at some of the underlying causes of the growth in social and spatial inequality within and between European cities – including recent economic and labour market changes. It highlights some of the implications of these challenges for urban and social policy. The chapter examines growing concerns that while urban planning, housing and urban regeneration policies have frequently led to a revitalisation of declining city and especially inner city areas, they have also further reinforced social and spatial divisions and inequalities in European cities. It reviews inequalities within cities across Europe but starts with an examination of inequalities between the different cities in Europe.