Abstract
Industry 4.0 is a term first introduced by the German government during the Hannover Messe fair in 2011 when it launched an initiative to support German industry in tackling future challenges. It refers to the 4th industrial revolution in which disruptive digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE), robotics, virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI), are impacting industrial production.The new industrial paradigms of Industry 4.0 demand a socio-technical evolution of the human role in production systems, in which all working activities of the value chain will be performed with smart approaches.However, the automation of processes can have unpredictable effects.Nowadays, in a smart factory, the role of human operators is often only to control and supervise the automated processes. This new condition of workers brought forth a paradox: malfunctions or irregularities in the automated production process are rare but challenging.This article discusses the challenges and risks that the 4th industrial revolution is bringing to society.It introduces the concept of the Irony of Automation. This propounds that the more reliable an automated system, the less human operators have to do and, consequently, the less attention they pay to the system while it is operating.The authors go on to discuss the human-centered approach to automation, whose purpose is not necessarily to automate previously manual functions but, rather, to enhance user effectiveness and reduce errors.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONThe main innovation of Industry 4.0 is the redesign of technological and organizational processes as a result of the integration of different sources of information with management and production processes
Industry 4.0 is a term first introduced in 2011 by the German federal government when, at the Hanover Messe fair, it presented a project hypothesis aimed at supporting German industry to address the challenges of the future brought by the expansion and progress of digital technologies [1].The term Industry 4.0 clearly calls to mind the fourth Industrial Revolution where the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Everything (IoE), the Web of Things (WoT), robotics, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and ultra-fast connections play a primary role [2].The main innovation of Industry 4.0 is the redesign of technological and organizational processes as a result of the integration of different sources of information with management and production processes
This article discusses the challenges and risks that the 4th industrial revolution is bringing to society. It introduces the concept of the Irony of Automation
Summary
The main innovation of Industry 4.0 is the redesign of technological and organizational processes as a result of the integration of different sources of information with management and production processes. This is the result of the unconventional use and combination of already existing technologies to create new business solutions. Industry 4.0 leverages the opportunities offered by the digitation of data and by information technology The digital revolution and the new industrial paradigms of Industry 4.0 demand a socio-technical evolution of the human role in production systems, in which all working activities of the value chain will be performed with smart approaches. It introduces the concept of the Irony of Automation, and argues for a human-centered approach to enhance user effectiveness and reduce technical errors
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