Industry 4.0 Development Prospects and Introduction Readiness into Russian Enterprises

У статті досліджуються актуальні питання інноваційної діяльності підприємств в умовах цифровізації суспільства, яка відбувається за участю впровадження нових цифрових технологій та інновацій, що дозволяють підвищувати конкурентоспроможність та ефективність бізнес-процесів, покращувати якість товарів та послуг, задовольняти зростаючі потреби та вимоги споживачів тощо. Метою написання статті є дослідження основних проблем та перспектив впровадження інновацій в умовах цифровізації, особливостей взаємодії цих процесів. У результаті дослідження було з’ясовано, що впровадження нових цифрових технологій є одним із шляхів підвищення ефективності та конкурентоспроможності підприємств, їх гнучкості та адаптивності, оскільки використання цифрових інструментів прискорює прийняття оптимальних управлінських рішень, дозволяє в режимі реального часу реагувати на різноманітні ринкові зміни, більш повно відповідати мінливим очікуванням клієнтів, що, у свою чергу, створює нові конкурентні можливості для бізнесу. З’ясовано, що інноваційна діяльність є необхідною умовою успішної адаптації підприємства в умовах цифровізації до нових умов господарювання. Виявлено, що інноваційні процеси та цифрова трансформація є взаємопов’язаними та взаємодоповнюють один одного. З одного боку, цифрові зміни здійснюються за участю нових цифрових технологій, з іншого боку, цифровізація має значний вплив на інноваційну діяльність підприємств, надаючи їм цифровий інструментарій для інновацій. З’ясовано позитивні наслідки впливу цифровізації на інноваційну діяльність підприємства. Виділено основні перешкоди на шляху впровадження інновацій в умовах цифровізації та ризики, пов’язані з впровадженням цифрових технологій. Тому важливою є проблема узгодженості інновацій та управління ризиками, яка потребує виважених управлінських рішень у цьому напрямку. Розглянуто основні складові мінімізації ризиків впровадження нових цифрових інновацій. Зроблено висновок, що в умовах цифровізації використання системного підходу є необхідною умовою для прийняття ефективних управлінських рішень щодо інноваційного розвитку підприємства та подолання перешкод на шляху провадження цифрових інновацій. Подальші дослідження можуть бути спрямовані на аналіз та оцінку ефективності впровадження нових цифрових технологій вітчизняними підприємствами та перспективних напрямків їх інноваційного розвитку.

Strategic priorities of social production digitalization: world experience

The introduction of advanced digital technologies and digital transformation is fundamental for the economic growth and development of companies, states and society. Today, the traditional model of education is also undergoing changes as a result of the introduction of new digital technologies, digital methods and approaches to learning. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that digital transformation in the field of education is the most prominent example of qualitative transformation of life activities. The outcome of this digital transformation is the formation of a new sector of the digital economy called EdTech (Education Technology). The purpose of this study is to analyse the global EdTech market and to examine its strengths and development prospects. Research methods: theoretical approach, analysis, study of scientific literature, specification of conclusions, method of thinking, and visual interpretation of the results obtained. As part of this research, the authors have defined EdTech; examined the application of digital technologies in EdTech, and studied the impact of digital technologies on the development of EdTech. The authors also investigated the dynamics of venture capital investment in EdTech; researched EdTech leaders and identified key EdTech sectors.

New technologies are needed to ensure a targeted development of the economy which measures the well-being of the population and the quality of life. For the technology to be successfully implemented, it must first be accepted, but then adopted. It’s not always the same thing. The aim of the study is to identify age groups that are prospective and responsive to the introduction of new digital technologies. An Acceptance/Adoption/Age (3A) model based on systems dynamics simulation is being examined. The model respects the age group of the potential adopter and allows for predicting possible results of the introduction of new digital technologies.

The article examines the potential of introduction of new digital technologies in the Russian market through the development of startups in the modern economy. The article considers the key drivers of growth of digital startups and the prospects for their development in the domestic market of Russia and establishes the role of progressively developing information sphere for the investments of venture units of large corporations, business angels, the largest investment funds and other investors in the world economy. The peculiarities of startups' development in the Russian economy in modern conditions are revealed and the most significant solutions of this problem are presented.

At present, the world economy is at the stage of formation of the fourth industrial revolution, which is called to raise the industry to a new qualitative level. In this article we contemplated the history and prerequisites of the industrial revolution, defined its basic features and the most progressive technologies. We analyzed the particular features of development of the industrial revolution in Russia and abroad. We inspected the experience of foreign countries in implementing state programs in the sphere “Industry 4.0”. We investigated the concept of the Industrial Internet as a basis for developing of a new wave of the industrial revolution. We studied its main advantages, its influence on the world economy and the anticipated consequences. We investigated the factors hindering the implementation of the project related to the Industrial Internet in Russia. We formulated the primary tasks and evaluated the perspectives for development of the industrial Internet in the Russian economy.

The Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020 forced the restructuring of all educational processes and, like never before, use modern technologies so as not to stop the learning process at different levels of education. However, the trend towards digitalization of education emerged much earlier, and the technologies that were used during the pandemic have a long history. Scientific research most often looks at the application and effectiveness of digital technologies in the educational process of public educational institutions, but the EdTech industry is not limited to the field of formal education. Corporate training, additional and language education are some of the most digitalized market segments. The study considered in the article analyzed the development of educational technologies in Russia before the pandemic. The key stages of digitalization of education in Russia, the features of the introduction of educational technologies in educational institutions of the country are highlighted. An analysis of the development of the EdTech market in Russia before the pandemic is carried out, a comparison of the evolution of the market of educational technologies in Russia and abroad is carried out. It is concluded that the high-tech, but rather young and rapidly developing industry of educational technologies in Russia has a high potential for long-term development and investment attraction. Several areas of education were identified that were most digitalized even before the pandemic, and the positive impact of government initiatives and incentives for the introduction of educational technologies on the EdTech industry as a whole was revealed.

The presented monograph examines the economy of modern China. Of particular interest are the issues of e-commerce. The current stage of global economic development is characterized by the widespread introduction of new digital technologies and a gradual transition to a digital economy model. In this regard, a new form of international trade has appeared — e-commerce. The new trading system seems to be the future of an effective digital economic system, as it implies the reform of strategies, models, operations, products, marketing, supported by the introduction of digital technologies, and a complete change in the management structure in the political, economic and social spheres. The historical and current processes of forming a new agenda for the transformation of the world economy in the context of energy transition are analyzed, as well as a number of modern works on this topic are analyzed and evaluated accordingly. The current state and prospects of tourism development in the People’s Republic of China are considered. Prerequisites for the positive dynamics of the tourism market in the world are such a set of factors as the growth of the solvency of the population and the consistent development of tourist infrastructure, the formation of the identity of the state in the international arena to improve the reputation of the country, the increase in the penetration of remote banking services, the Internet, online services, etc. For students, postgraduates, teachers of economic and historical disciplines, entrepreneurs, employees of state financial institutions, anyone interested in the economy of modern China

In today's conditions, when the global economy is experiencing radical changes caused by digitalization, technological development and the need to adapt to new realities, the topic of endogenous growth is becoming especially relevant. Rapid changes in technology and the emergence of new digital platforms are changing the structure of the economy, requiring companies to be flexible, innovative and able to quickly respond to new challenges. In these conditions, models of endogenous growth, which focus on the use of internal resources such as human capital, innovation and technological progress, become the basis for the formation of a long-term development strategy. They make it possible to effectively use the opportunities provided by digitalization and ensure sustainable economic growth even in conditions of global uncertainty. The effectiveness of endogenous growth as the basis of determinant development has changed significantly today. The further development of domestic industrial enterprises, the success of reforms depends on the introduction of innovative technologies in all sectors of the economy. Over the last decade, one of the main directions of reform is the active introduction of modern digital technologies. They will make it possible to reach a new level of quality-of-service provision, maintenance and cost reduction, which will significantly affect the cost price and, accordingly, the price. These technologies will help domestic industrial enterprises to work successfully in today's tough competitive environment. The modern conditions of the development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine are characterized by dynamic changes caused by the rapid introduction of digital technologies. In the conditions of global digitalization, the importance of innovations, which become the basis for the endogenous growth of enterprises, is growing. This concept involves development through internal resources and capabilities, which allows enterprises to achieve decisive development and increase their competitiveness. Endogenous growth technology is based on internal factors, such as innovation, knowledge and human capital, which contribute to the stable and sustainable development of enterprises. In the conditions of digitization, this technology acquires special importance for domestic industrial enterprises. The introduction of new digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, automation and data analytics, is critical for increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of domestic industrial enterprises. This provides an opportunity to reduce costs, optimize processes and introduce innovations. Digitization is an important element that strengthens the influence of endogenous factors. The use of digital technologies makes it possible to optimize production processes, reduce costs, improve the quality of products and services, and increase management flexibility. In the conditions of digitalization, the technology of endogenous growth becomes critically important for the successful development of domestic industrial enterprises. The use of internal resources and the potential of enterprises, the integration of the latest digital technologies and innovative approaches allows achieving high efficiency and decisive development, which in turn contributes to increasing competitiveness on the world market. The technology of endogenous growth in the conditions of digitalization is the key to the long-term and decisive development of domestic industrial enterprises. The integration of innovation, human capital development, effective knowledge management and the implementation of digital technologies ensure high productivity and competitiveness. The use of these approaches contributes to the creation of a dynamic economy capable of responding effectively to the challenges and opportunities of the digital age.

The paper is devoted to a complex spatiotemporal analysis of the development of the Internet in the Russian Federation. The following quantitative and infrastructural aspects of regional disparities in the spread of the Internet are discussed: the regional distribution of the Internet audience, growth poles, disparities in the penetration level, etc. Changes in the geography of the Internet that took place over the first decade of the 21st century are revealed. Features of Russia’s geographical position and the related significant role of wireless technologies and the mobile Internet in particular are described. The network and organizational structure of the Russian Internet and its development prospects are covered. Qualitative aspects of regional disparities in the spread of the Internet in Russia are analyzed separately (the activity and effectiveness of the population’s use of the Internet). The dynamics and regional disparities in the development of the Internet and e-commerce market in Russia are examined. Conclusions are made about the significant decentralization in the regional distribution of Internet users in Russia in the first decade of the 21st century. The rapid proliferation of mobile communication technologies and mobile Internet penetration, in which Russia is among the world leaders, plays a significant role in smoothing geographical contrasts. However, a sufficiently rapid reduction in quantitative imbalances inside the country is accompanied by retention of significant qualitative gaps in the creation of Internet information resources and the Internet market, where metropolitan areas still have a monopoly.

The paper is devoted to the complex space-time analysis of the development of the Internet in the Russian Federation. The following quantitative and infrastructural aspects of regional disparities in the spread of the Internet are discussed: the regional distribution of the Internet audience, growth poles, disparities in the penetration level, etc. Changes in the geography of the Internet that took place over the first decade of the 21st century are revealed. Features of the Russia’s geographical position and the related significant role of wireless technologies and of the mobile Internet in particular are described. The network and organizational structure of the Russian Internet and its development prospects are covered. Qualitative aspects of regional disparities in the spread of the Internet in Russia are analyzed separately (the activity and effectiveness of the use of the Internet by the population). The dynamics and regional disparities in the development of the Internet and e-commerce market in Russia are examined. Conclusions about significant decentralization in the regional distribution of Internet users in Russia, which occurred in the first decade of the 21st century, are made. The rapid proliferation of mobile communication technologies and mobile Internet penetration, in terms of which Russia is among the world leaders, plays a significant role in smoothing of geographical contrasts. However, a sufficiently rapid reduction in quantitative imbalances inside the country is accompanied by the preservation of significant qualitative gaps in the sphere of creation of Internet information resources and the Internet market, where there is still a monopoly of metropolitan areas.

We are now firmly in a digital era and technologies are ever-present. Since the introduction of new digital technologies and ICTs, such as smart phones, the literature has presented some contrasting analyses of the socio-spatial practices and impacts that have resulted from the uptake of new technologies in urban public spaces. On one hand, there is a particular set of debates that have expressed concerns that the introduction of digital technologies, especially personal ICTs, is leading to a greater withdrawal from urban public spaces.

The article studies the scientific and practical aspects of the analysis of the state and identification of indicators of the introduction of digital technologies in ensuring the economic security of enterprises. The relevance of the topic of the study is due to the fact that the identification and use of indicators of the introduction of digital technologies in ensuring the economic security of enterprises makes it possible to assess both the current state and current threats, and to develop forecasts for future periods by analyzing and assessing potential risks and threats. The article is aimed at studying the scientific and practical aspects of analyzing the state and identifying indicators of the introduction of digital technologies in ensuring the economic security of enterprises. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of scientific cognition: analysis and synthesis, system approach, structural, process, complex, functional scientific approaches. The scientific results obtained consist in the study and identification of indicators of the use of digital technologies in ensuring economic security: an indicator of the availability of documentation at the enterprise that regulates the implementation of measures, actions or procedures for compliance with the provision of ICT security; an indicator of the development and approval of documents that regulate the security of ICT for remote access; indicator of implementation of documentation - regulations that determine the security of ICT; indicator of the availability of software for protection, security of remote access at enterprises; an indicator of the implementation and use of artificial intelligence; an indicator of the use of the purchase of "cloud computing" services; security software implementation indicator and other indicators. It has been revealed that the introduction and integrated use of innovative digital technologies in the activities of enterprises and ensuring economic security makes it possible to manage the system of economic security of the enterprise at the modern digital level and provide effective protection of the enterprise in the face of new digital challenges and threats. Prospects for further research are that digital transformation creates new opportunities for ensuring the economic security of enterprises with the introduction of new digital technologies in the business processes of the functioning of enterprises, which will make it possible to form a new internal, digital, security environment of the enterprise, the basis and center of the core of which is the system of economic security of the enterprise.

Today, commerce is undergoing radical changes as a result of active introduction of new digital technologies that have changed the basic principles of the above field over the past ten year of the whole field of trade, which is developing very rapidly around the world.Thisdeterminestherelevanceofresearchtodeepentheoreticalandmethodologicalprovisionsof its development.Within the article, the issue of defining the essence of the category "e-commerce" is considered. It is noted that active development of this type of commerce in the world actualizes this area of research and determines the importance of deepening theoretical and methodological provisions of e-commerce, the formation of appropriate institutional support to intensify its further functioning. In the article, based on the application of the method of the content analysis, concepts of the essence consideration of "e-commerce" available in the scientific literature are singled out and analyzed. The presence of a significant number of such approaches has been established, which has determined the need to systematize them in separate areas. Thus, five holistic, generalized groups of conceptshave been identified for scientists to interpret the essence of e-commerce, namely: functional, interactive, structural, component and static. Within the article, the essence of each of the concepts is analyzed, and its own understanding of the content ofthe category "e-commerce" is offered: е-commerceisaseparatetypeofe-business, theessenceofwhichistheformationanddevelopmentofeconomicrelationsbetweeneconomicagentsintheprocessofselling, purchasing goods and service sonthe Internet, theuse of digital marketing technologies for their sale, electronic systems to pay for their value in order to meet the demand for these goods and services and to make profit

Aim. To identify trends in the development of the digital twin concept in Russia.Objectives. To analyze the experience of applying such an innovative tool as a digital twin at Russian enterprises and consider the benefits of its implementation; to characterize the aspects of regulation and state support in the field of digital twin application in Russia; to reveal the main problems hindering the development of digital twin technology, as well as to propose posible solutions to the identified problems.Methods. The authors used empirical methods, in particular, the analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature; methods of observation and comparison. The article also reflects the results of scientific research of Russian and foreign scientists.Results. It is established that today the method of digital twins in the economy is becoming more and more popular. Thanks to the introduction of digital twin technology, companies manage to speed up production processes, increase their transparency, reduce costs, improve the quality of manufactured products and, in general, achieve greater efficiency, competitiveness and investment attractiveness. The main constraints to development include insufficient funds required to implement digital transformation, lack of necessary experience and highly qualified specialists, low level of legal framework in the field of digital twins and high level of risks associated with data security. For successful implementation of digital transformation, it is advisable to study and generalize successful examples of digital twins implementation both in foreign and domestic companies, to create a unified management system for this area, to develop a motivation system for companies applying digital twin technology, to increase the level of information security.Conclusions. In Russia, innovative technologies are a priority for ensuring technological leadership and entry of domestic companies into international markets. Despite lagging behind some foreign countries, Russia has great potential for the formation of a national market and the introduction of digital twin technology, especially among large corporations and high-tech enterprises. But for this purpose it is necessary to eliminate the factors that hinder the development of the digital twin method, such as high risks associated with cybersecurity, insufficient funding in the use of technology, the lack of specificity in some cases in the field of legal regulation and a number of others.