Industrially significant biomolecules from recently discovered haloalkaliphiles, inhabitants of the coastal mangrove vegetation in Bordi, India

Abstract

The coastal Arabian Sea area near Bordi, Maharashtra, India is one of the natural places for mangrove vegetation. This sampling site has been explored for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, no other researchers have conducted scientific research on the same site prior to this. Water samples from the rhizosphere of the mangrove Avicennia marina were collected and physicochemical examination revealed that the water samples were of saline-alkaline quality. The haloalkaliphiles were isolated by using different microbiological media and characterized by polyphasic approach. Further, the isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA partial gene sequencing and MEGA version 11, a public domain was used for the evolutionary studies. The production of industrially important hydrolytic enzymes amylase, lipase, and protease were optimized in submerged fermentation media using efficient isolates via the OVAT approach, and the enzymes were found to be alkali and salt stable. The carotenoid producer, Planococcus plakortidis BMS5, was deposited at N.C.M.R., Pune, India under accession number MCC5186. The synthesis of carotenoids by Planococcus plakortidis BMS5 was carefully investigated. Thin layer chromatography, UV–VIS spectroscopy, and GC-MS were used to characterise the carotenoids. The hydrolytic enzymes produced by the efficient isolates exhibited great activity and stability over a wide pH (7−12) and temperature (20–50 oC) range. Furthermore, at 10–15% salt, the hydrolytic enzymes were the most stable. The carotenoids produced by haloalkaliphiles were discovered to have antioxidant characteristics and could be exploited in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The haloalkaliphiles' hydrolytic enzymes have the potential to be used in the development of new medicinal formulations. Overall, this study illustrates the potential of employing microbes from extreme environments to produce useful bioactive chemicals with a variety of applications in diverse industries.