Abstract
Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) exhibits the advantages of thermal insulation, reduces energy consumption building costs, improves building efficiency and easy construction. Furthermore, the utilization of industrial wastes in concrete is advantageous in terms of environmental sustainability. In order to explore this, several researchers investigated the idea of integrating industrial wastes in LWAC. However, the lack of knowledge regarding the performance of industrial waste-based lightweight aggregate concrete hinders the adaptation of this concept and application of LWAC in the construction sector. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research in relation to the sustainable LWACs containing oil palm shell (OPS), lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA), vermiculite, perlite, pumice and sintered fly ash as lightweight aggregate, along with industrial wastes and strength-enhancing additives (viz. fibers, polymers, etc.). Firstly, desirable physical, chemical, morphological and mineralogical characterization of different lightweight aggregates are presented, and then a comprehensive overview on fresh, hardened, durability and thermal properties of LWAC incorporating industrial wastes are discussed in comparison with normal weight concrete. The review also highlights the current challenges and suggests the research gaps for further development of eco-friendly LWAC. It is concluded that vermiculite, perlite, pumice, OPS, sintered fly ash and LECA with some suitable industrial waste materials have the potential to be used in the construction sector. Moreover, LWAC with industrial waste has 50–65% lower carbon emission (kg CO2 eq/m3) in the environment. The scientific contribution of this paper provides insights into different LWACs and the knowledge base for future research and paradigm shift of using LWACs as more common alternative building materials.
Highlights
Academic Editors: Elena Michelini, Abstract: Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) exhibits the advantages of thermal insulation, reduces energy consumption building costs, improves building efficiency and easy construction
The trend shows that day by day, the practical use of LWACs is increasing and requires the current status of the research conducted to date
It was found that the density and strength of mortar were reduced, while the water absorption rate, thermal resistance and stability of the developed mortar were increased after incorporating expanded vermiculite (EV)
Summary
In the 21st century, energy-efficient buildings are one of the important issues, which include both techno-economic and sustainable environmental factors [1]. Energy-efficient buildings are designed to use energy as little as possible. LWAC is one such alternative to normal weight aggregate concrete (NWC) with various physical, mechanical, social and economic advantages [2]. The trend shows that day by day, the practical use of LWACs is increasing and requires the current status of the research conducted to date. (LWA)ininconcrete concretehas hasthe thefollowing followingadvantages: advantages: The. Less dead load, structure stability as well as economic viability [2]; 1. Improves the workability if pre-wetted prior to use in concrete [9].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
