Industrial radioactive barite scale: suppression of radium uptake by introduction of competing ions

Abstract

Incorporation of radioactive isotopes during the formation of barite mineral scale is a widespread phenomenon occurring within the oil, mining and process industries. In a series of experiments radioactive barite/celestite solid solutions (SS Barite–Celestite) have been synthesized under controlled conditions by the counter diffusion of 226Ra, Ba 2+, Sr 2+ and SO 4 2− ions through a porous medium (silica gel), to investigate inhibiting effects in Ra uptake associated with the introduction of a competing ion (Sr 2+). From characterization studies, the particle size and the morphology of the crystals appear to be related to the initial [Sr]/[Ba] molar ratio of the starting solution. Typically, systems richer in Sr produce smaller sized crystals and clusters characterized by a lower degree of order. The activity introduced to the system is mainly incorporated in the crystals generated from the barite/celestite solid solution as suggested by the activity profiles of the hydrogel columns analysed by γ-spectrometry. There is a relationship between the initial [Sr]/[Ba] molar ratio of the starting solution and the activity exhibited by the synthesized crystals. An effective inhibition of the 226Ra uptake during formation of the crystals (SS Barite–Celestite) was obtained through the introduction of a competing ion (Sr 2+): the higher the initial [Sr]/[Ba] molar ratio of the starting solution, the lower the intensity of the activity peak in the crystals.