Abstract
(1) Within the last 100 years about 70 species of moth in Britain and Europe have developed melanic forms in and around industrial areas. These have increased in relative frequency through natural selection and in some areas more than 90 per cent of the population is now melanic. (2) Similar species have developed melanic forms in eastern North America. The first melanics appeared in and around industrial areas, such as New York City, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Philadelphia. They have spread to other areas and may now comprise over 90 per cent of the population of some species.
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