Abstract
This paper is aimed to examine the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in industry (so-called Industrial Internet of Things, shortly IIoT) and the requirements for higher education in the times of the fourth industrial revolution. The addition of the fourth letter, "I" in front of the “IoT” coins the name of the new concept, “IIoT” in relation with another term, “Industry 4.0”. Because these concepts have no precise and widely accepted definitions, we presented some considered relevant by scientific literature. The paper also highlights the most important similarities and differences between these concepts. IIoT is a very dynamic concept and it will constantly bring changes in digital technologies, requirements and markets, and will also transform industries and business practices. According to manifold studies, currently, there is a skills gap which may widen in the future if no action is taken. Higher education must adopt the latest related technologies and must adapt to the new ways in which people, machines, services and data can interact. Consequently, employees, students, graduates, etc. have to be equally dynamic in learning and acquiring new skills. The transition from higher education to employment is a challenge that could be more easily addressed through the efforts of all stakeholders, from individuals to organizations, and from businesses to governments. As changes in higher education take time, all stakeholders will now have to act in preparing for the Industrial Internet of Things.
Highlights
Industrial engineering is constantly bound to adapt to the many occurring changes, from progress in business models to the most advanced information and communications technologies; the purpose is to increase the overall quality of products and productivity, and to reduce overall costs
Various worldwide surveys conducted in relation to the industry field reveal that the biggest current technological initiative for implementing this revolution is the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
In order to address higher education in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things, we have in view a holistic view of all IIoT-related higher education perspectives from:
Summary
Industrial engineering is constantly bound to adapt to the many occurring changes, from progress in business models to the most advanced information and communications technologies; the purpose is to increase the overall quality of products and productivity, and to reduce overall costs. For example, in order to implement flexible, customizable, and efficient industrial systems, completely aligned with the IIoT concepts, all related enabling technologies (industrial networks, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, data analytics, blockchain, etc.) and hardware systems (embedded systems, industrial robots, etc.) must be developed for being integrated into IIoT systems [16]. IIoT could bring various benefits in an industrial context, some of the key ones being the following: monitoring production flow and inventory; enhancing automation, productivity, industrial safety, efficiency, security and quality control; enabling easy maintenance, inventory management, products tracking and tracing, development of new business models, services and/or products; optimization of packaging, logistics and supply chain; reduction of human errors and manual labor, and of costs (both in terms of time and money), etc. Many agreed that rapidly developing IIoT will have significant and far-reaching effects on the industrial and market sectors, transforming and redefining virtually all markets and industries; the effects will generate changes in other fields, such as education
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