Abstract
The use of biological methods for industrial manufacturing is an excellent starting point to create a green process since biocatalysts naturally follows the Principles of Green Chemistry. Biocatalysts are highly biodegradable and are considered natural products. Nevertheless, they also have some drawbacks, since enzyme have high molecular complexity, high production costs and intrinsic fragility. Several strategies have been developed in order to stabilize enzymes under process conditions: chemical modification, enzyme immobilization, aggregation, modern techniques of protein engineering and so on. Enzyme improvement via immobilization is a useful technique of enzyme engineering, which allows not only the re-use of enzymes but also the enhancement of enzyme properties. Some reasons to engineer enzymes include better accommodate unnatural substrates, increase their stability under the reaction conditions and create new reactions or new biochemical pathways. Among enzymes, lipases appear as important tools in the application of the principles of Green Chemistry, offering a convenient way to prepare derivatives of natural compounds with great potential in food and pharmaceutical industries. With this in mind, some strategies to improve enzyme performance at industrial scale and ways of conducting processes will be discussed.
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