Abstract
The nature and course of industrial activity amidst mixed farming communities in Alpine Europe is distinctive in terms of its origins, chronology, scale and consequences. This paper traces the exploitation of inter-related mineral and forest resources by external entrepreneurs seeking to stimulate production for non-local markets. Changing responses to regional opportunities are identified for the period 1650 to 1900 during which there occurred a transition from feudal agrarian to capitalist manufacturing forms of economic and social organization. Increased volume of output, technological progress and the broadening of commercial linkages led to population redistribution, ethnic interaction and re-modelling of settlement, tenurial and land use patterns. Empirical material illustrating these trends is drawn from Austrian cadastral surveys and other sources relating to the Julian and Karavanke Alps and Pohorje in what is now the Republic of Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
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