Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are an important group of phytoplanktons, characterized by two dissimilar flagella and distinctive features of both plants and animals. Dinoflagellate-generated harmful algal blooms (HABs) and associated damage frequently occur in coastal areas, which are concomitant with increasing eutrophication and climate change derived from anthropogenic waste and atmospheric carbon dioxide, respectively. The severe damage and harmful effects of dinoflagellate phycotoxins in the fishing industry have been recognized over the past few decades, and the management and monitoring of HABs have attracted much attention, leaving aside the industrial application of their valuable toxins. Specific modes of action of the organisms’ toxins can effectively be utilized for producing beneficial materials, such as Botox and other therapeutic agents. This review aims to explore the potential industrial applications of marine dinoflagellate phycotoxins; furthermore, this review focuses on their modes of action and summarizes the available knowledge on them.
Highlights
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms belonging to diverse phyla [1]
Karenia mikimotoi resulted in a mass mortality of abalones, with a loss of over USD 290 million in Several factors that cause the death of aquatic organisms have been reported, including direct reactive oxygen species production, phycotoxins, and bioactive fatty acids generation [13]
Over the past few decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs)-forming dinoflagellates have been recognized as an environmental, economic, and health problem owing to their adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem, fishing industry, and human health
Summary
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms belonging to diverse phyla [1]. Over the past few decades, several green microalgae, such as Chlorella spp., Scenedesmus spp., and Dunaliella spp., have been recognized as useful bioresources for producing commercial materials, namely cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, biofuels, and biofertilizers [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Phycotoxin-producing cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and raphidophytes are known to generate frequent harmful algal blooms (HABs), thereby causing severe losses to the fishing industry and aquatic ecosystem [8,9,10,11]. Lake Erie in the United States is a well-recognized recreational place, but the ecosystem services are under threat owing to cyanobacterial-generated HABs. 2.25–5.58 million during bloom formation [12]. Several factors that cause the death of aquatic organisms have been reported, including direct reactive oxygen species production, phycotoxins, and bioactive fatty acids generation [13]. To improve knowledge of their industrial applications and to focus on application-based research, we have summarized the current findings, specific modes of action, and biotechnological potential of the diverse dinoflagellate phycotoxins in this review
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
