Abstract
This chapter focuses on historical background of Indus water dispute. The Indus became an international river when India and Pakistan emerged as independent states after the British Indian Independence Act of 1947. The dividing line between the new Dominions cut across the Indus basin and gave Pakistan, in the main, highly irrigated land. Out of 13 canal systems in Punjab, 10 passed to Pakistan, two to India, and the Upper Bari Doab Canal system was divided. The headwork of this canal at Madhopur and the headwork of the Depalpur Canal at Ferozepur were situated in India and the water for all the canals originated in the Himalayas, mostly coming from or crossing India. The continuing dispute is documented by Pakistan's notes to the United Nations Secretary-General stating that the registered agreement if ever binding upon Pakistan had ceased to be effective. After some years of negotiations mediated by the Bank, the Indus Water Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960 by India, Pakistan, and the World Bank.
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