Abstract
Considering a future scenario in which a driverless Electric Vehicle (EV) needs an automatic charging system without human intervention. In this regard, there is a requirement for a fully automatable, fast, safe, cost-effective, and reliable charging infrastructure that provides a profitable business model and fast adoption in the electrified transportation systems. These qualities can be comprehended through wireless charging systems. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a futuristic technology with the advantage of flexibility, convenience, safety, and the capability of becoming fully automated. In WPT methods resonant inductive wireless charging has to gain more attention compared to other wireless power transfer methods due to high efficiency and easy maintenance. This literature presents a review of the status of Resonant Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging technology also highlighting the present status and its future of the wireless EV market. First, the paper delivers a brief history throw lights on wireless charging methods, highlighting the pros and cons. Then, the paper aids a comparative review of different type’s inductive pads, rails, and compensations technologies done so far. The static and dynamic charging techniques and their characteristics are also illustrated. The role and importance of power electronics and converter types used in various applications are discussed. The batteries and their management systems as well as various problems involved in WPT are also addressed. Different trades like cyber security economic effects, health and safety, foreign object detection, and the effect and impact on the distribution grid are explored. Prospects and challenges involved in wireless charging systems are also highlighting in this work. We believe that this work could help further the research and development of WPT systems.
Highlights
Large scale deployment of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) based vehicles in transport system lead to the release of harmful fumes into an atmosphere lead to global warming and climate change, which is main concern of global community
Optical Wireless Power Transfer (WPT): optical WPT or Laser based power transmission is radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves; it is in THz and exists as light
Aluminum shielding or metallic shielding decreases system performance but it significantly reduces EMF level
Summary
Large scale deployment of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) based vehicles in transport system lead to the release of harmful fumes into an atmosphere lead to global warming and climate change, which is main concern of global community. An alternative new technology is WPT, introduced by Nikola Tesla in 19th century, with the time this technology developed and became competitive solution for wired charging systems. Transfer (IPT) based Charging Technology presented at Rotorua district in New Zealand and since 2002 the first wirelessly charged buses running automated through bus stops of Genoa and Turin They achieved 90% efficiency at air gap of 40 mm for 60-kW powered 40 foot buses[13, 14]. Qualcomm’s Halo acquired by WiTricity in 2019 [18, 19].HEVO Power, New York based company is working on implementing both SWC and dynamic charging systems for EVs and they introduced smart phone app for simplifying EV charging for customers [6]. We present clear deviation from the progress rates of 2013-2020.at the end of the year 2020 electric vehicles on the road reached more than 10 million
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