Induction of swelling, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage proteoglycan loss upon intra-articular injection of transforming growth factor β-2 in the rabbit

Abstract

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional homodimeric polypeptide with potent actions upon many target cells, including those of mesenchymal and haemopoietic lineage. The recent reports of high levels of the cytokine in rheumatoid synovium and synovial fluid, prompted this study into the effect of intra-articular injection of TGFβ-2 into rabbit knee-joints. Four daily injections of 1 μg caused swelling, probably as a consequence of prostaglandin E 2 production, synovial fibroblastic hyperplasia and a striking loss of femoral condyle proteoglycan. Using the polymerase chain reaction, no evidence could be obtained for the induction of interleukin-1α gene expression in either synovial tissue or synovial fluid cells. These findings suggest that the TGF-β present in the rheumatoid joint may contribute directly to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.