Abstract
The embryogenic capability of five soybean cultivars (Renascença, IAS-5, IAC-17, BR-16 and FT-Cometa) was studied at different auxin concentrations (8, 10 and 12 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid, NAA), at different pHs (5.8 and 7.0) and at low (8-12 muEm-2 s-1) and high (27-33 mEm-2 s-1) light intensities. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Immature cotyledons 4-6 mm in length were placed in the six induction mediums evaluated and submitted to two light intensities. Twenty immature cotyledons per cultivar were placed on each Petri dish, which was considered to be one replication. The number of somatic embryos per treatment per replication was counted. The results showed genotype influence on somatic embryogenic capability of each cultivar, with the most embryogenic cultivars being BR-16, FT-Cometa and IAS-5. Auxin concentration and pH value also influenced somatic embryo production, with 10 mg/l NAA being the best auxin concentration and 7.0 the best pH value. The interactions cultivar x auxin, auxin x pH and pH x light were significant, while other double interactions were not. All triple and quadruple interactions were significant, except cultivar x pH x light. No significant differences in somatic embryo production were observed in medium with different pHs or when the Petri dishes containing immature cotyledons were exposed to the two light intensities evaluated. However, a higher number of somatic embryos was produced when the medium pH was adjusted to 7.0.
Highlights
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril], one of the most important cultivated species, is outstanding as a source of vegetable oil and protein
Considering the importance of both the identification of cultivars suitable for embryogenic propagation and the knowledge of the interaction between cultivars and inherent physicochemical factors involved in the induction of somatic embryogenesis, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the behavior of soybean cultivars in relation to embryogenic capacity at different auxin concentrations, pH values, and light intensities, as well as to determine interactions between these factors
The soybean cultivars IAS-5, IAC-17, Renascença, BR-16 and FT-Cometa were used as source of explants, and maintained in the greenhouse at a 14-h photoperiod and a temperature of approximately 30°C
Summary
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril], one of the most important cultivated species, is outstanding as a source of vegetable oil and protein. Most by-products of soybean oil extraction are used in animal nutrition. The chemical composition of soybean seeds recommends it as one of the main solutions for global food deficits. The soybean has been the object of intense genetic improvement programs that have resulted in the development of new cultivars adapted to Brazilian climatic conditions. As a consequence of the continuously growing global demand for food and protein, new commercial cultivars, with greater capacity to withstand environmental stresses and genetically improved to increase yield quantity and quality are desirable. Tissue culture and plant transformation techniques open new possibilities for improving soybeans (Hildebrand et al, 1991), and among them methods of in vitro regeneration and somatic embryogenesis stand out
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