Abstract
Inhibition of the cell growth or induction of cell death is the most promising area in cancer therapy. The induction of apoptosis by dichloromethane extract of Prangos uloptera was evaluated on the McCoy cell line. This plant's roots, aerial parts and fruit have medicinal value. Cell growth inhibitory and cell cytotoxicity effects of the extract were assayed by MTT and Trypan-blue tests, respectively. Morphological changes and DNA fragmentation were also evaluated. The viability tests showed 0.49 and 0.3 mg/ml as 50% inhibition concentration and 50% cytotoxicity concentration after 24 hours of treatment, respectively. Fluorescent microscopy analysis revealed chromatin fragmentation and scanning electron microscopy showed cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic blebbing. These findings were confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis. The results demonstrated efficient induction of apoptosis by the plant extract in moderate concentrations, but administration of higher concentrations showed that the primary manner of cell death was necrosis.
Highlights
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a genetically controlled operation leading to cell death in response to environmental or developmental signals
The mechanisms of killing and degrading cells via apoptosis are expressed constitutively and is activated through various stimuli (Rodriguez-Nieto & Zhivotovsky, 2006). Many antitumor agents, such as cisplatin, mitomycin, and actinomycin D have been reported to induce an apoptotic type of death in susceptible cells, apoptosis in tumor cells plays a critical role in killing tumor cells during cancer therapy (Adjei & Rowinsky, 2003)
The exponentially growing McCoy cell line was treated with different concentrations of the DCM-extract of P. uloptera roots ranging from 0.2 to 1 mg/ml, and cell viability was measured by MTT and trypan blue assay
Summary
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a genetically controlled operation leading to cell death in response to environmental or developmental signals. Regulation of apoptosis induction is critical for normal development and tissue homeostasis, physiological processes in maturation, embryogenesis, and normal tissue turnover, as well as cancer therapy. Disruption of this process can have severe consequences (Jacobson et al, 1997). The mechanisms of killing and degrading cells via apoptosis are expressed constitutively and is activated through various stimuli (Rodriguez-Nieto & Zhivotovsky, 2006) Many antitumor agents, such as cisplatin, mitomycin, and actinomycin D have been reported to induce an apoptotic type of death in susceptible cells, apoptosis in tumor cells plays a critical role in killing tumor cells during cancer therapy (Adjei & Rowinsky, 2003)
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