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Abstract
Greige cotton is an intact plant fiber. The cuticle and primary cell wall near the outer surface of the cotton fiber contains pectin, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and trace metals, which are associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation during cotton fiber development. Traditionally, the processing of cotton into gauze involves scouring and bleaching processes that remove the components in the cuticle and primary cell wall. The use of unbleached, greige cotton fibers in dressings, has been relatively unexplored. We have recently determined that greige cotton can generate low levels of H2O2 (5–50 micromolar). Because this may provide advantages for the use of greige cotton-based wound dressings, we have begun to examine this in more detail. Both brown and white cotton varieties were examined in this study. Brown cotton was found to have a relatively higher hydrogen peroxide generation and demonstrated different capacities for H2O2 generation, varying from 1 to 35 micromolar. The H2O2 generation capacities of white and brown nonwoven greige cottons were also examined at different process stages with varying chronology and source parameters, from field to nonwoven fiber. The primary cell wall of nonwoven brown cotton appeared very intact, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, and possessed higher pectin levels. The levels of pectin, SOD, and polyphenolics, correlated with H2O2 generation.
Highlights
The morphology of the cotton fiber consists of an outer protective cuticle which contains hydrophobic lipids and pectin, which are associated with the primary cell wall
Low concentrations of H2O2 at the wound site can rescue repair in Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-deficient mice [21]. These results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling coordinates the function of various cell types during the wound response
Ruthenium red staining indicated that greige cotton contains significant levels of pectin, predominately centered over the lumen (Figure 1)
Summary
Oxidized regenerated cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and chitosan, N-acetyl-glucosamine, are incorporated into materials that constitute structurally- or process-modified polysaccharide fibers used in wound dressings [6,7,8]. The fiber is mainly composed of cellulose molecules, which are found in the primary and secondary cell wall, mostly in small crystallites [10]. The morphology of the cotton fiber consists of an outer protective cuticle which contains hydrophobic lipids and pectin, which are associated with the primary cell wall. Both lipids and pectin constitute approximately one-two percent of the weight of the fiber [9]. When greige cotton is hydroentangled into a nonwoven material the components of the cotton fiber cuticle are retained [11]
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